1. PART OF SKELETON
Human body’s skeleton is made up of 206 bones that are connected to one another. They are different size and shapes. Some are straight, other are curved. Some are long, others are short.
According to the shape that bones are divided into:
a. pipe shape is in thigh bone
b. flat shape is in ribcage
c. cubic shape is in toe bone and finger bone
d. irregular shape is in backbone and cheek bone
According to the structure of the bones, bones are divided into soft bone and hard bone. Soft bone ( articular cartilage) usually form in the baby ‘s skeleton. The baby’s skeleton is soft and flexible. There are 300 bones in the baby’s skeleton. As the baby grows up, the bones harden and unity. The adult’s skeleton is formed from minerals, calcium and phosphor.
Skeleton is classified into:
a. skull
b. middle skeleton
c. moving skeleton
A. SKULL
SKULL is function to protect the brain
Part of the skull
a. parietal (fontanel bone)
b. frontal( fore head bone)
c. nasal(nose) bone
d. zygomatic ( check bone)
e. maxilla ( upper jaw bone)
f. mandible (lower jaw bone)
B. MIDDLE SKELETON
Part of the middle
a. spinal column( backbone)
b. stemum
c. ribcage
d. shoulder bone
e. hip bone
Spinal column ( backbone) is function to support the body weight and do various positions such as walking, standing, sitting or running. Also it protect the spinal cord.
Stemum ( chest bone) and ribcage are function to protect the heart, lungs and part of the digestive system.
Shoulder bone is divided into:
a. Clavicle(collarbone)
b. Scapula( shoulder bone)
Hip bone is divided into:
a. Illium (upper hip bone)
b. Ischium (sitting bone)
c. Sacrum (groin bone)
Hip bone is function to protect the lower abdomen area such as the reproductive system.
C. MOVING SKELETON
Part of the moving skeleton is divided into two:
A. upper moving skeleton
1. upper arm bone
2. lower arm bone( ulna and radius)
3. finger bone
4. carpus( palm bone)
B. lower moving skeleton
1. Femur (thigh bone)
2. Patella (knee cap)
3. Tibia (shin bone)
4. Fibula (calf bone)
5. Tarsus ankle bone)
6. Metatarsus (sole bone)
7. Toe bone
2. KEEPING OUR SKELETON HEALTHY.
Have you ever seen the hunchback man? The hunchback man could not stand upright. The hunchback is because the backbone shapes curve. This anomaly happens congenital defect, ill attack or the bad habit in position.
The importance of keeping our skeleton healthy is to avoid some diseases of skeleton.
· Eat healthy food
· Exercise regularly
· Stay in proper position of the body
Answer the questions
Human body’s skeleton is made up of ……………… bones that are connected to one another.
According to the shape of bones that build human skeleton, mention 4 shape of bones and the examples
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According to the structure of the bones, bones are divided into two kind. Mention them
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………………………………………………………………..
The adult’s skeleton is formed from three kind of minerals, mention them!
………………………………………….
……………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………
Skeleton is classified into 3 part. Mention them!
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….
SKULL is function to protect …………………..
Mention Part of the skull
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….…
Mention part of the middle
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
Hip bone is function to protect ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Part of the moving skeleton is divided into two. Mention them!
………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………….
Mention 3 ways to keep our skeleton healthy
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………
A. a few of skeleton diseases are
1. OSTEOPOROSIS
Usually, osteoporoses attack the adult, especially woman. This disease make the bones easily break. The people who are less of calcium and vitamin D will easily get the osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D are in the milk and fish.
2. TBC ( TUBERCULOSIS)
TBC is able to attack our bone. The bone will be weak and soft and finally get suppurate. The sufferer should treat intensively in the hospital and feed the nutritious foods. To avoid this disease, people should stay in the healthy house with good ventilation.
3. RHEUMATIC
This disease may get painful and swollen to joint in the wrist, ankle and elbow. In the serious condition, it may attack hearth. This sufferer immediately should treat from the doctor.
4. RACHITIS
Vitamin D is essential for our bone. Vitamin D is made of our body by sunlight’s help. The children who get less of vitamin D will easily get Rachitis. The sufferer of rachitis makes the abnormal leg’s growth. The shape of legs is O or X shape.
B. a propher body position
Do this activity to know how to be good in position
The things you need .
1. some heavy things such as a pail of water, a stag of books, a heavy bag
2. desk and chair
The work.;
1. lift the heavy objects up carefully. Let all the students do by turn. Observe them!
2. Sit down the chair with different ways. Let all the students do by turn with their own way. Observe them!
QUESTIONS
1. Which of the ways is in proper position of lifting up the objects?
2. Which of the position is in proper position of sitting down the chair?
The improper body position will make serious abnormal skeleton. The most problem serious abnormal is usually in backbone.
Some serious backbone problem position are;
1. Lordosis, the position of backbone is concave curve. It is caused of the front- chest sitting position.
2. Kifosis, the position of backbone is convex curve. It is caused of the hunch-back sitting and standing position.
3. Scoliosis, the position of backbone is to left-side or right-side position. It is caused of the slanting – sitting position. Besides, the unbalancing lifting of the heavy objects could make this backbone abnormal shape.
Mention 3 serious problems of back bone and give the explanation
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Mention 4 diseases of skeleton!
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………………………… ………………………..
Lordosis, …………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………
Kifosis,. …………………………………… ………………… ………………
Scoliosis, ………………………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………
What is OSTEOPOROSIS ………… ……………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………
What is RACHITIS …………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………
Mention 2 ways for keeping our backbone! ………………………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………
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